🕐03.02.12 - 16:27 Uhr
APELLA RESOURCES INC. - INDUSTRY UPDATE ON VANADIUM FROM CREAMER MEDIA
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Creamer Media talks about Vanadium and VRB technology (Invented by Maria Skyllas
Kazacos)
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Creamer Media talks about Vanadium and VRB technology (Invented by Maria Skyllas
Kazacos)
Creamer Media talks about Vanadium and VRB technology (Invented by Maria Skyllas
Kazacos)
An update from W.
Adrian Bakker:
Apella is uniquely capable of meeting a surging demand for Vanadium thanks to the
following advantages it holds over all other known vanadium deposits:
* Provide multi-commodity income streams, unlike single commodity competitors.
* The vast majority of Vanadium over the last century has been produced from magnetite.
* Large scale supply capable of stabilizing Vanadium pricing and supplying these
emerging market
* Uncommitted Future Production.
* Low Projected Production cost.
* High Quality Mineralization.
* Both projects are open pittable and do not need the costly underground method
of mining like the Rhovan Mine in South Africa, the worlds present production leader.
* Hosted in known recognized mining camps where necessary infrastructure is in place
or nearby.
* Located in the worlds most favored mining locale - Quebec, Canada - one of the
worlds most politically stable countries.
We feel the timing of development toward production at the the Lac Dore project
would coincide perfectly with projected increase in demand for all three metals
which expected to be significant.
Having a small standalone Vanadium mine would
be disadvantage in todays market stage as you would be 100% reliant on a single
spot market which has been historically volatile.
Production of Ferrovanadium as
an example is a natural blend for steel and is always preferred to pure vanadium
as pure vanadium for steel is typically added artificially, resulting in higher
cost.
We will ill be looking at complete separation of all the metals of the Lac
Dore deposit.
This would result in production of ferrovanadium and concentrate initially,
than ferrotitanium, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and vanadium pentoxide, which
would also allow us to supply the predominant steel market which uses more than
90% of Vanadium and also supply the metal alloy and vanadium redox battery markets
which represents blue sky potential.
Description of Vanadium from Byron Capital
The use of vanadium (V) has been on a steady rise in the past few years, interrupted
only by the recent recession.
As outlined in our November 12, 2009 industry report,
Vanadium: The Supercharger, high-strength steels use anywhere from a few tenths
to a few percent V as an alloying material by weight.
V has the dual advantage of
not only significantly increasing the hardness of steel, but also doing so without
making the resulting steel brittle, so its strength is also enhanced.
As nations
around the world mandate the use of stronger steels for construction, Vanadium
is in greater demand.
We also foresee two other uses for V that are not largely anticipated by the market
and are non-metallurgical in nature.
V serves to make what is arguably the best
cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, a material called lithium vanadium phosphate,
or Li3V2(PO4)3.
This compound makes a battery that is higher voltage (so likely
higher power) and capable of storing more energy per given battery size than any
other commonly referenced cathode material.
It is also less expensive, from a pure
raw material point of view, than the more commonly used lithium cobalt oxide cathode,
ubiquitous in laptop computers.
V can also be used in a completely different type of battery to store grid-level
amounts of electrical energy.
What are known as vanadium redox batteries can be
scaled up to provide millions of watts of power, and store millions of watt-hours
of energy, enough to keep thousands of North American homes powered for nearly a
full day.
These batteries are widely touted as being able to provide the storage
required to make unreliable (the industry term is "non-dispatchable") alternative
sources of electrical power, such as wind or solar, more widely deployable within
the grid.
We believe the common use for this type of battery is likely to be more
pedestrian in nature, with utilities using such batteries to postpone required capital
expenditures on substation upgrades and the like, thereby improving their IRR.
This
type of use does not require waiting for the construction of wind or solar farms.
Our projections show a potential 58% increase in V demand between 2008 and 2014,
with new applications contributing a 34% increase on their own.
But, and this is
a critical requirement, in order to use V in lithium-ion batteries for automotive
and electronic use, or in redox batteries for augmenting the electrical grid, the
price of V must be stabilized.
V prices have ranged between US$20 and US$85/kg since
February 2008 and May 2009.
Quadrupling of a basic input price, when it contributes
perhaps 40% of the cost of a redox battery and perhaps as much as 20% of the cost
of a lithium-ion battery, is unacceptable.
To stabilize prices, more vanadium will
be needed to be produced.
Dr.
Maria Skyllas-Kazacos
Dr.
Maria Skyllas-Kazacos is a chemical engineer whose invention of the Vanadium
Redox Battery (VRB) in the late 1980s may revolutionize how we store energy.
The
VRB is a unique type of flow battery that can repeatedly absorb and release huge
amounts of electricity, making them possibly the best partner for renewable energy.
Over the last twenty years, Dr.
Skyllas-Kazacos has been improving the technology
and finding commercial applications in various markets to reduce the cost and make
the VRB a feasible solution to our energy storage challenges.
Dr.
Skyllas-Kazacos
VRB technology can already be found in action in Japan, USA, Europe, and Australia
for storing wind and solar energy and balancing peak electricity demand.
Dr.
Skyllas-Kazacos
recently joined the Advisory Board for Apella Resources Inc.
to help grow their
presence in the vanadium markets.
She is Professor Emeritus for the University
of New South Wales in Australia where she received her PhD in 1978.
As a distinguished
academic, Dr.
Skyllas-Kazacos has won numerous awards for her research including
the R.K.
Murphy Medal from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute in 2000 and
the Order of Australia in 1999.
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For more information contact:
W.
Adrian Bakker
Vice President of Corporate Communications
Apella Resources Inc.
APA-TSX-V
1600-543 Granville St.
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6C 1X8
Ph.604.683.8990
Direct.604.641.4474
Toll Free:1-800-663-8990
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Apella slideshow
Video
of the
Iron-T Vanadium Deposit
Subscribe to Apellas Video Channel
Interview With W.
Adrian Bakker
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